Ammonium nitrate fuel oil anfo is a mixture of solid ammonium nitrate and mineral oil. There are numerous articles describing the influence of individual factors on the detonation parameters of anfo explosives and a smaller number of. Head to the nearest chemistpharmacy, go up to the counter and ask for 6% peroxide, the person will take you to where it is. Rowland iii and richard mainiero abstract for many years there have been small scale tests available for evaluating the toxic fumes production by capsensitive explosives dot class 1. Anfo, emulsion and heavy anfo blends useful explosive and. Analysis and trends anfo can be used as a main charge but requires a booster for detonation requires umilled porous prills of an because are less dense and retain moisture better improvisation of pure an is not difficult. Influence of a primer on the velocity of detonation of. Material safety data sheet and loosen remaining clothing. Murphy 3 abstract an investigation was made of the distances over ihich sympathetic detona tion of ammonium nitrate an and ammonium nitratefuel oil anfo might be expected.
This worldfamous work has been enlarged and updated without tampering with its tried and tested format. Its one of the most cost efficient blasting agents available for use in small, medium or large diameter applications. Anfo may also be used effectively in underground development and tunneling applications. November learn how and when to remove this template message. Simply click on the download link below to see it in action 1. Manuel maria viller calderon, editor, advertencia al discurso preliminar. Anfo could be initiated by a pulse of not more than a few hundred thousand psi but it would be very difficult and a true waste of time for even an expert to attempt to construct an le device capable of doing the job. Emissions associated with the manufacture of explosives are treated in section 6. Anfo, emulsion and heavy anfo blends useful explosive. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. If you want to initiate anfo, the easiest way is to simply learn to use the material legally and buy the necessary supplies and. And ammonium nitrate to make anfo type blasting agents b y thomas c.
Introduction to explosives for official use only anfo ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. Rowland iii and richard mainiero abstract for many years there have been small scale tests available for evaluating the toxic fumes production by cap. Explosives engineering home institute of explosives. Anfo is suitable for most dry blasting applications. The achieved percentage of detonation velocity vod of the mixtures in relation to the anfo were 55. Anfo characteristics the critical diameter of poured anfo is about 2. With its low sensitivity and excellent performance in breaking and displacing rock, it is ideal for quarries and civil works. That is, a borehole or column of anfo less than two inches in diameter will detonate in the immediate area of the primer, but cannot reliably carry the detonation process much beyond that point. Anfo is a tertiary explosivemeaning that it cannot be set off by the small quantity of primary explosive in a typical blasting cap. Ruhe us bureau of mines, pittsburgh research center pittsburgh, pennsylvania, usa t. To obtain copies, contact explosives engineering subscriptions at the institute address above. Dyno nobel makes the products you know with names you trust, like dynomix and fragmax. A poison schedule number has not been allocated to this product using the criteria in the standard for the uniform scheduling of drugs and poisons susdp.
Recommended for use in dry holes that will remain dry until detonation. Ammonium nitrate anfo grade explosive porous prills item test acceptance 1 purity 99. If patient finds breathing difficult and develops a bluish discolouration of the skin which suggests a lack of oxygen in the blood. The use of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil anfo results in low cost blasting. When anfo reaches its full vod the strength is given as. Open cut coal, open cut metal, quarry, construction product type. The basic reaction during detonation is the decomposition of the hydrocarbon and the ammonium nitrate into co 2. It consists of 94 % porous ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3, an that acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel 6 % number 2 fuel oil fo, popularly known as high speed diesel hsd. Bajpayee us bureau of mines, pittsburgh research center pittsburgh, pennsylvania, usa abstract the bureau of mines conducted research to determine the safe operating conditions for using.
Ammonium nitrate anfo grade explosive porous prills. Experimental observations of detonation in ammonium. Anfo and waterbased explosives such as water gels and emulsions are more difficult to ignite in the open. Application anfo has zero water resistance and has a wide variety of applications in dry hole blasting conditions. Influence of a primer on the velocity of detonation of anfo. If patient finds breathing difficult and develops a bluish discolouration of the skin which suggests a lack of oxygen in the blood cyanosis, ensure airways. Cheques should be made payable in sterling to the institute of explosives engineers. Papers, articles and letters to the editor are welcome and should be sent to the editor.
As a measure of an explosives capacity to create fire from an open flame carried by its detonation. As it can be seen in the sem images in figure 1, typical ammonium. Allow patient to assume most comfortable position and keep warm. Experimental observations of detonation in ammoniumnitrate. Doc explosivos anfo diego gonzalez zapata academia. A blaster who has any explosivesflammability concerns must discuss them with the explosives manufacturers.
Head to the nearest chemistpharmacy, go up to the counter. We are the only explosive provider in the world to offer a complete line of commercial explosive products and services, including a full range of packaged and bulk anfo. Papers, articles and letters to the editor are welcome and should be sent to the editor at her email address, or by post to the institute address. The paper describes different experimental measurements of anfo explosives made by university of zilina, faculty of security engineering with the collaboration of military technical and testing. May 04, 2010 anfo characteristics the critical diameter of poured anfo is about 2. The fuel component of anfo is typically diesel, but kerosenecoal dust, racing fuel, or even molasses have been used instead.
Surface microstructure of the porous ammonium nitrate granules of type extra. The sem images ad were obtained at magnification 50x, 100x, 100x, and 500 times respectively. Sympathetic detonation of ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitratefuel oil by r. I have not discussed the limits of what can be done with anfo like materials by altering the chemical and physical properties.
Easy handling allows it to be used safely in mining, stone quarrying, and tunnel construction. Aluminum powder influence on anfo detonation parameters. Ammonium nitrate fuel oil anfo decomposition netzsch. Explosives anfo ammonium nitrate fuel oil on 10 november 2009 international troops and afghan police seized 250 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in the southern city of kandahar. Analysis and trends anfo can be used as a main charge but requires a booster for detonation requires umilled porous prills of an because are less dense and retain moisture better improvisation of. Remember, its not a crime to know how to manufacture explosives, but it is a crime to do it and really, stuffing around with anfo can be extremely harmful or fatal and is best left to the professionals. Anfo is a free flowing loose poured mixture of porous prilled ammonium nitrate nitropril and fuel oil fo, formulated to be oxygen balanced for use in dry blastholes. Explosivos a granel explosivos y accesorios nuestras ofertas. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate nh 4 no 3 an, which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil fo. If it is loaded pneumatically the critical diameter can be increased to 1. Although anfo has zero water resistance, it has a wide variety of applications in dry hole blasting conditions. If you want to initiate anfo, the easiest way is to simply learn to use the material legally and buy the necessary supplies and equipment. May 14, 20 confined, anfos critical diameter is approximately 1 14 inches.
1142 1013 1097 4 14 1011 1520 1068 841 626 659 1167 610 199 939 726 1005 1146 390 980 867 1180 1131 1301 663 1219 22 696 20 1269 114 1497 882 1399 1227 1086 1178 1412 1017 60 1052 922 283